News about the European Union is full of names of institutions that are easy to confuse. Let us sort out the main points.
The European Council
This is a meeting of the leaders of EU countries. It sets political priorities and the general direction of development, but does not adopt laws.
The Council of the EU
Ministers of member states meet here depending on the topic: finance, foreign affairs, agriculture. Together with the European Parliament, it adopts laws.
The European Parliament
The only EU body whose members are elected directly by citizens. The Parliament considers and adopts legislation, approves the budget and oversees the European Commission.
The European Commission
The executive body of the union. It proposes new laws, monitors compliance with the rules and manages the budget. It consists of commissioners from each country.
The Court of Justice of the EU
Ensures uniform interpretation of the union’s law in all member states.
How laws are adopted
- The European Commission proposes a draft.
- The European Parliament and the Council of the EU consider it.
- If they agree, the law takes effect.
For some issues, such as foreign policy or enlargement, unanimity of the member states is required, which makes quick decisions harder.
Understanding these roles helps you read news about who actually takes decisions on sanctions, aid and accession to the EU.
